n in 1892 by I. B. Pranaitis (1861-1917). The book, generally regarded as antisemitic, is a collection of quotes from the Talmud and Zohar which purports to demonstrate that Judaism despises non-Jews and promotes the murder of non-Jews. While most of the quotes are accurate, some are fabricated, and others are taken out of context. Pranaitis could not read Aramaic or Hebrew (the languages of the Talmud), and probably used works by August Rohling and others as his sources. Various elements tend to prove that the author, whose incompetence was established unambiguously at the time of the Beilis trial, ignores the rabbinical literature which he intends to describe, unlike other Christian polemists from which he largely borrows. Pranaitis was not able to read Aramaic, the primary language of the Talmud, and so he relied primarily on the works of Jakob Ecker and August Rohling.