The 3rd Edition continues to focus on five keys to quality classroom assessment, with an enhanced emphasis on the formative use of classroom assessment results. The keys help readers 1) establish a clear assessment purpose to meet the information needs of all intended users; 2) base instruction and assessment on clear learning targets; 3) design or select all assessments to meet standards of accuracy; 4) communicate summative and formative results effectively; and 5) involve students in the assessment process and in using results to further learning.