Each chapter gives a summary of the state of knowledge in a particular astrophysics research area and then proceed to explain where the mysteries lie - where we have new territory to explore and much to learn. To appeal to students and researchers, there is also a separate section in each chapter containing some simple maths/calculations plus references to more technical books and sources. This book fills an important need in the current scientific literature. It not only serves the scientifically interested public, but also burgeoning astronomy students, by clarifying where we lack a solid understanding of our universe. The book helps elucidate research areas to pursue for young students with astronomy career aspirations. It also helps the general audience gain a better appreciation for where to critically examine scientific results reported in the media. This book is intended for both general audiences, students, and researchers in other fields.