Permanent Residents"--most of whom are of Korean descent, the so-called "Zainichi"--is declining, according to government statistics. Does this mean Koreans living in Japan are becoming Japanese? This volume presents a compelling sociological analysis of Korean colonial migrants' and their descendants' politics of self-identification and their ongoing struggle for social justice. Centering on the social and political exclusion of Koreans, the book asks two fundamental questions: What has triggered the historical transformations of nationhood, citizenship, and migration policies in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Japan? How are these transformations related?

Hwaji Shin challenges the persistent belief that Japan's ethno-racial homogeneity is responsible for its restrictive citizenship and immigration laws. She argues that the relationships between nationhood, citizenship, and migration in Japan have always been fluid and historically contingent rather than causal or static. Her work examines the nexus of these three concepts from a subaltern perspective and illuminates the ways in which non-state, marginalized actors directly influenced the state's development of citizenship and immigration policies. It explores the failures and triumphs of Koreans resisting Japanese ethno-racial oppression through stories of ordinary lives that have been disrupted by wars, elites' interests, and geopolitics. Being Korean, Becoming Japanese? draws on rich historical data to provide a powerful narrative about how Koreans in Japan have defiantly survived and thrived to impact the country's ideas and policies of nationhood, citizenship, and migration for more than a century.