4In-depth historical essay about the late Roman-Byzantine Armies that protected the Byzantine Empire for more than 11 centuries. Contains the administration, ranks, logistics, weapons, campaigns, and fortifications of the Byzantine Armies from 325AD until the fall of the empire in 1461AD. Reveals the checkered historical course of the empire and its military organization, which was compelled to defend its territories and culture against a horde of belligerent enemies from without and from the state's own bureaucracy within. During its long life span, the empire faced the Persians, Goths, Huns, Lombards, Slavs, Avars, Arabs, Bulgarians, Russians, Hungarians, Normans, Crusader armies, and finally, the Turks.