e history, processes, and ideas behind visual culture. Machine learning algorithms now have a pervasive influence on the aesthetics and meaning of images. But while novel in some respects, these recent developments are connected to much earlier, even analog, geometrical, optical, and procedural methods. This book looks at how the production of images in terms of algorithmic instructions has shaped images and art, as well as the values used to assess them. It draws connections between the algorithmic forms of visual media we are familiar with today and the precursors from which they evolved.