Uthman dan Fodio
Shehu Usman was born into a highly cultured family in 1168/1754. His father was Muhammad ibn Salih, known generally as Fodio. His mother was Hawwa bint Muhammad ibn Usman. The Shaykh read the Qur'an with his father, learned al-Ishriniyyah and similar works with his shaykh, 'Uthman, known as Biddu al-Kabawi. He learned syntax and the science of grammar from al-Khulasah and other works at the hand of Shaykh 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Hammada. He read al-Mukhtasar with his paternal and maternal uncle, Uthman, known as Bidduri. Later he learnt from a number of shaykhs, most significantly Jibril ibn 'Umar, the major collections of hadith, fiqh and tasawwuf.
He led a movement for the renewal of Islam in west Africa and founded a caliphate, establishing all the offices of a functioning polity, in the process writing a large number of books on the various issues confronting his people at the various points of their struggle. Among the most famous are his Ihya as-Sunna. Diwan Press also publish a history of his movement called The African Caliphate.